Papaya leaf curl disease, first reported from India in 1939 (Thomas and Krishnaswamy, 1939), is caused by the begoinovirus Papiri’a lea/curl virus (PaLCV) (Saxena et at., 1998). Plant Dis 81(11):1333, Napoli C, Lemieux C, Jorgensen R (1990) Introduction of chimeric chalcone synthase gene into Petunia results in reversible cosuppression of homologous genes in trans. Papaya leaf curl virus is a major threat for the crop production, and the virus has the capability to adapt new plant hosts very rapidly which helps in their host range extension that also has emerged as an evolving risk in papaya production. 198.1.99.82. Severe curling, crinkling and deformation of the leaves characterize the disease. Studium Press LLC, USA, p 135–155, Ratcliff F, Harrison BD, Baulcombe DC (1997) A similarity between viral defense and gene silencing in plants. Iqbal Z, Sattar MN, Shafiq M (2016) CRISPR/Cas9: a tool to circumscribe cotton leaf curl disease. In: Pena J, Sharp J, Wysoki M (eds) Tropical fruit pests and pollinators: biology, economic importance, natural enemies and control, pp 131–156, Paula FT, Gustavo AF, Marcia ER (2007) Viruses infecting papaya (. Curr Sci 8:316, Tiwari AK, Rao GP (2014) Viruses infecting, Travella S, Klimm TE, Keller B (2006) RNA interference-based gene silencing as an efficient tool for functional genomics in hexaploid bread wheat. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service: E-626. Caused by begomovirus, Papaya leaf curl virus (PaLCV) (2), this disease was discovered in the papaya orchards of southern Taiwan in 2002. World J Microb Biot 14:931–932, Hallan V, Saxena S, Singh BP (1998b) Yellow net of, Hanson P, Lu SF, Wang JF, Chen W, Kenyon L et al (2016) Conventional and molecular marker-assisted selection and pyramiding of genes for multiple disease resistance in tomato. J Plant Path 91(4 - Supplement):S4–107, Kunik T, Salomon R, Zamair D, Zeidan M, Michelson I, Gafni Y, Czosnek H (1994) Transgenic tomato plants expressing the tomato yellow leaf curl virus capsid protein are resistant to the virus. Publ. AgriLifeExtension.tamu.edu, Maule AJ, Caranta C, Boulton MI (2007) Sources of natural resistance to plant viruses: status and prospects. Papaya leaf curl is an economically important disease occurring in papaya growing tropical and subtropical areas. Virus Genes 29:303–309, Wang LL, Wang XR, Wei XM, Huang H, Wu JX, Chen XX et al (2016) The autophagy pathway participates in resistance to, Weng DE, Masci PA, Radka SF, Jackson TE, Weiss PA, Ganapathi R, Elson PJ, Capra WB, Parker VP, Lockridge JA, Cowens JW, Usman N, Borden EC (2005) A phase I clinical trial of a ribozyme-based angiogenesis inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 for patients with refractory solid tumors. Plant Mol Biol 43:295–306, Masabni J, Anciso J, Wallace R (2011) What makes tomato leaves twist or curl? It is mainly transmitted by whiteflies. J Virol 79:9885–9895. Rice Research Station, PMB 736, Freetown, Sierra Leone, Plant virology in sub-Saharan Africa, Thakur N, Upadhyay SK, Verma PC, Chandrashekar K, Tuli R, Singh PK (2014) Enhanced whitefly resistance in transgenic tobacco plants expressing double stranded RNA of, Thomas KM, Krishnaswamy CS (1939) Leaf crinkle: a transmissible disease of papaya. A proceeding of IInd IS on papaya. doi: Prasad JS, Verma RAB (1980) Efficacy of certain antibiotics in the control of postharvest decay of papaya fruits. Reyes MI, Nash TE, Dallas MM, Ascencio-Ibáñez JT, Hanley-Bowdoin L (2013) Peptide aptamers that bind to geminivirus replication proteins confer a resistance phenotype to tomato yellow leaf curl virus and tomato mottle virus infection in tomato. Papaya leaf curl disease Disease symptoms Curling, crinkling and distortion of leaves, reduction of leaf lamina, rolling of leaf margins inward and downward, thickening of veins. Virus Res 71:233–260. GJBAHS 1(2):10–17. Raven press, New York, p 364, Flint ML (2015) Integrated pest management for homes, gardens, and landscapes. Papaya Leaf Curl (Virus): Young leaves at the apex of the infected plants curl, twist and become deformed. Hortic Bras 34:8–18. incidence of papaya leaf curl disease on different varieties of papaya and also about the characteristics of this virus. Plant Pathol. Plant Dis 100(9):1958, Carrington JC, Ambros V (2003) Role of microRNAs in plant and animal development. To identify alternative hosts of this virus, a survey of weed samples with typical leaf‐curling, vein‐thickening and yellow‐vein symptoms were collected in papaya‐growing areas. The most obvious symptoms of this disease are the downward or inward curling leaves. Subtrop Plant Sci 64:49–53, Lilley DMJ (2003) The origins of RNA catalysis in ribozymes. Research Signpost, Trivandrum. Dubey DK, Pandey N, Tiwari AK, Upadhaya PP (2015a) Biological properties, transmission, serological characterization and varietal susceptibility of an isolate of papaya leaf curl virus affecting papaya crops in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. I have many papaya trees, and this is the only one that is like this. doi: Dubey DK, Tiwari AK, Upadhyay PP (2015b) Survey, incidence and serological identification of papaya leaf curl virus in eastern Uttar Pradesh. The plants become stunted and bear no fruit. Settlage SB, See RG, Hanley-Bowdoin L (2005) Geminivirus C3 protein: replication enhancement and protein interactions. Papaya (pawpaw) Baltes NJ, Hummel AW, Konecna E, Cegan R, Bruns AN, Bisaro DM et al (2015) Conferring resistance to geminiviruses with the CRISPR–Cas prokaryotic immune system. Papaya (Carrica papaya) is one of the most important horticultural crops of the country. 2016. doi: Zhang H, Ma XY, Qian YJ, Zhou XP (2010) Molecular characterization and infectivity of, Zinnen SP, Domenico K, Wilson M, Dickinson BA, Beaudry A, Mokler V, Daniher AT, Burgin A, Beigelman L (2002) Selection, design, and characterization of a new potentially therapeutic ribozyme. Nature 389:553, Wang XY, Xie YZhou XP (2004) Molecular characterization of two distinct begomoviruses from papaya in China. Mostly the young leaves are affected. Papaya leaf curl disease is of moderate Curling, crinkling and distortion of leaves due to papaya leaf curl virus, Click here to go to the topics page to know more about the crop. Mol Plant Pathol 8:223–231. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:4429–4434. Virology 251:361–369, Gonsalves C, Lee DR, Gonsalves D (2007) The adoption of genetically modified papaya in Hawaii and its implications for developing countries. reported that whiteflies can transmit leaf curl virus to an extent of 70 % when they feed on Ninnia elengans plants infected with tobacco leaf curl virus [8]. J Plant Dis Protect 121(2):53–57, Khatoon S, Kumar A, Sarin NB, Khan JA (2016) RNAi-mediated resistance against cotton leaf curl disease in elite Indian cotton (, Kumar J, Kumar A, Khan JA, Aminuddin (2009) First report of papaya leaf curl virus naturally infecting tobacco in India. Not logged in These symptoms are similar to those of cotton leaf curl disease. IInd international symposium on papaya, ISHS Acta hort 851, Raza A, Malik HJ, Shafiq M, Amin I, Scheffler JA, Scheffler BE et al (2016) RNA interference based approach to down regulate osmoregulators of whitefly (. Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. One of my papaya trees has contracted this strange condition where the leaves are curling up into weird shapes. Nat Plants 1:144. doi: Khalil RR, Bassiouny FM, El-Dougdoug KA, Abo-Elmaty S, Yousef MS (2014) A dramatic physiological and anatomical changes of tomato plants infecting with tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus. New Dis Rep 28:6, Srivastava A, Jaidi M, Kumar S, Raj SK, Shukla S (2015) Association of papaya leaf curl virus with the leaf curl disease of grain amaranth (, Sunitha S, Marian D, Hohn B, Veluthambi K (2011) Antibegomoviral activity of the agrobacterial virulence protein VirE2. Top leaves are most affected. Genes Dev 18:2545–2556, Foolad MR, Sharma A (2005) Molecular markers as selection tools in tomato breeding. Leaf margins get curled downwards and inwards with dark greenish, thick veins (Fig. Chen H, Lin C, Tsai W et al (2016b) Resistance to viral yellow leaf curl in tomato through RNAi targeting two Begomovirus species strains. Other symptoms include the thickening of the leaf veins, sometimes with the formation of outgrowths. Citrifrut 29(1):28–34, Luan JB, Li JM, Varela N, Wang YL, Li FF, Bao YY, Zhang CX, Liu SS, Wang XW (2011) Global analysis of the transcriptional response of whitefly to, Macpherson JL, Boyd MP, Arndt AJ, Todd AV, Fanning GC, Ely JA, Elliott F, Knop A, Raponi M et al (2005) Long-term survival and concomitant gene expression of ribozyme-transduced CD4+ T-lymphocytes in HIV-infected patients. Plant Cell 2:279–289, Niu QW, Lin SS, Reyes JL, Chen KC, Wu HW, Yeh SD, Chua NH (2006) Expression of artificial microRNAs in transgenic, Pantoja A, Follett PA, Villanueva-Jiménez JA (2002) Pests of papaya. Lapidot M, Friedman M (2002) Breeding for resistance to whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses. Hi Sudan, how many plants are infected? (11 points) Springer, New York, pp 230–257, Mishra SK, Chilakamarthi U, Deb JK, Mukherjee SK (2014) Unfolding of in planta activity of anti-rep ribozyme in presence of a RNA silencing suppressor. Plant Mol Biol 33(2):351–357, Bleeker PM, Diergaarde PJ, Ament K, Guerra J, Weidner M, Schutz S, de Both MTJ, Haring MA, Schuurink RC (2009) The role of specific tomato volatiles in tomato-whitefly interaction. Papaya leaf curl virus, of geminivirus group, is transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) under natural conditions. Plant Dis 87(2):204, Chen YK, Chao HY, Shih PJ, Tsai WY, Chao CH (2016a) First report of. Plant Physiol 142:7–20, Usman N, Blatt LM (2000) Nuclease-resistant synthetic ribozymes: developing a new class of therapeutics. Papaya leaf curl virus, a begomovirus, is the main causative agent for the disease, but many other begomoviruses as well as betasatellites have also been reported on papaya leaf curl … doi: Lee W, Park J, Lee GS, Seunghwan LS, Akimoto SI (2013) Taxonomic status of the, Legaspi JC, Simmons AM (2012) Evaluation of selected commercial oils as oviposition deterrents against the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Leaf-like enations grew from the base of the diseased leaves. Sci Hortic 201:346–354, Haung JF, Zhou XP (2006) First report of papaya leaf curl China virus infecting, Hemambara HS, Yogesh MS (2014) Production and marketing problems of papaya growers in north Karnataka. •Soilapplication of Carbofuran (1 kg a.i./ha) at the time of sowing and 4-5 foliar sprays of Dimethoate (0.05%) or Metasystox (0.02%) at an interval of … papaya leaf curl (PalCV) particularly in northern parts of India. Chapter Plant viruses: evolution and management, pp 189–203, Morales FJ (2001) Conventional breeding for resistance to, Morroni M, Thompson JR, Tepfer M (2008) Twenty years of transgenic plants resistant to cucumber mosaic virus. Ann Appl Biol 140:109–127. Control: Same as in Papaya mosaic virus. Bio/Technology 12:500–504. Sometimes the petioles are twisted. Trends Ecol Evol 19(10):535–544, Antignus Y, Nestel D, Cohen S, Lapidot M (2001) Ultraviolet-deficient greenhouse environment affects whitefly attraction and flight-behavior. Arch Virol 154:399–407, Erickson RP, Izant JG (1992) Gene regulation: biology of antisense RNA and DNA. India, Posted by: sudan Identity Taxonomic Tree Distribution Table Vectors and Intermediate Hosts References Distribution Maps Summary. : 7401, Fontes EPB, Santos AA, Luz DF, Waclawovsky AJ, Chory J (2004) The geminivirus NSP acts as virulence factor to suppress an innate transmembrane receptor kinase-mediated defense signaling. Leaves of the diseased plants displayed downward curling and thickened, dark green veins. The leaves become leathery, brittle and distorted. IInd IS on Papaya Acta hort: 465–472. These data demonstrated that a geminivirus may be the causative agent of this papaya disease. Apart from curling the leaves also exhibit vein clearing and thickening of the veins. J Appl Hortic 18(1):80–84, Schubert S, Kurreck J (2004) Ribozyme- and deoxyribozyme-strategies for medical applications. Singh, et al. We are currently determining the relationship between the geminivirus infecting papaya and cotton leaf curl virus. The disease was characterized by typical leaf curl symptoms produced on many crop plants, by whitefly transmitted geminiviruses (WTGs). For the production of crops, a major threat is the virus of Papaya leaf curl which has the Nat Biotechnol 27:1086–1088, Ateyyat MA, Shatnawi M, Mohammad SA (2009) Culturable Whitefly associated bacteria and their potential as biological control agents 2(3):139–144, Azzam OJ, Frazer D, La Rosa D, Beaver JS, Ahlquist P, Maxwell DP (1994) Whitefly transmission and efficient ssDNA accumulation of bean golden mosaic geminivirus require functional coat protein. First Report of Euphorbia leaf curl virus and Papaya leaf curl Guangdong virus on Passion Fruit in Taiwan. J Hort Sci Tech 80(3):291–296, Saxena S, Singh N, Ranade SA, Sunil GB (2011) Strategy for generic resistance to geminiviruses infecting tomato and papaya through in silico siRNA search. Leaf curl of papaya. The leaf curl disease is caused by a complex of whitefly ( … Main symptoms of papaya leaf curl disease are inward/outward curling of plant leaves, vein thickening, and stunted plant growth with small distorted fruits or no fruits. J Gen Virol 91:2091–2101. Saeed ST, Samad A (2016) Emerging threats of begomoviruses to the cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops and their management strategies. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 57(2):113–122. This chapter provides the information about many aspects like causal pathogen, vector responsible for disease spread/transmission, host range and phylogenetic analysis of virus associated with the papaya leaf curl disease, and different resistance approaches for possible management of the disease. Leaf Curl of Papaya: •Checking the population of white flies also can reduce the infection severity. p 248. 1Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China. 18 ( 1 ) A. 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Curling up into weird shapes Mishra M, Friedman M ( 2002 ) breeding for resistance plant. Nuclease-Resistant synthetic ribozymes: developing a New class of therapeutics moderate incidence and widely in! Get curled downwards and inwards with dark greenish, thick veins (.. Main bacterial diseases affecting papaya, pineapple and mangoes, thick veins ( Fig whitefly-transmitted!

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